Bronchiectasis is a chronic lung condition in which the airways (bronchi) become permanently widened and damaged. This damage makes it difficult for the lungs to clear mucus effectively, allowing mucus to build up and increasing the risk of repeated lung infections and inflammation.

Bronchiectasis may develop following severe respiratory infections, autoimmune diseases, immune system disorders, cystic fibrosis, or other underlying conditions. In some cases, the exact cause cannot be identified. Although bronchiectasis is a lifelong condition, early diagnosis and ongoing treatment can help reduce infections, improve breathing, preserve lung function, and enhance quality of life.

At Deborah Specialty Physicians, our pulmonary specialists provide comprehensive care focused on controlling symptoms, preventing complications, and helping patients maintain an active lifestyle.

Signs & Symptoms

Symptoms of bronchiectasis may develop gradually and often worsen over time if left untreated. Some people experience periods of worsening symptoms known as exacerbations, usually caused by infection. Common signs and symptoms include:

• A chronic cough that produces mucus
• Frequent respiratory infections
• Shortness of breath
• Wheezing
• Chest discomfort
• Fatigue
• Coughing up blood (hemoptysis)
• Recurrent pneumonia

Symptoms and severity vary from person to person depending on the extent of airway damage.

Diagnosis

Diagnosing bronchiectasis involves identifying damage to the airways while also determining any underlying conditions contributing to the disease. Your evaluation may include:

• Medical history and physical examination
• High-resolution CT (HRCT) scan of the chest
• Pulmonary function testing
• Chest X-rays
• Sputum testing to identify bacteria or other organisms
• Blood tests to evaluate immune function or underlying diseases
• Bronchoscopy when additional evaluation is necessary

Once diagnosed, treatment focuses on improving mucus clearance, reducing infections, and protecting lung function. Depending on your needs, care may include airway clearance therapy, inhaled medications, antibiotics, pulmonary rehabilitation, and ongoing monitoring.